1. data representation

a number system with base 2

a number system with base 10

a number system with base 16

10

error where the number of bits is not enough to hold the solution

moving a binary value to the left or to the right, emptied bit is 0

method used to present negative values in binary

128 to -128

• defining colours in HTML

• MAC addresses

• IP addresses

• assembly languages and machine code

• debugging

• display error codes

• memory dumps

7-bit code that represents letters, numbers and characters found in a standard keyboard as well as 32 control codes

character code that enables most of the languages of the world to be symbolised with a special character identification

• amplitude of sound wave is determined at set time intervals

• value is converted into digital form

• each sample is encoded as a series of binary digits

• series of readings gives the approximate sound wave

number of bits per sample

• increases accuracy of sampled sound as more detailed is stored about the amplitude

• increases memory usage as more bits are being stored

number of sound samples taken per second in Hz

• more accurate sound

• fewer estimations

made of pixels stored in a computer as a series of binary numbers

number of bits representing each colour

each pixel can be one of 256 colours

increases size of the file when storing an image

number of pixels that make up an image

result of low amount of pixels or when zoomed

increases memory usage

1 byte

1 nibble

1 binary digit

1024 bytes

1000 bytes

image resolution (pixels) x colour depth (bits)

sample rate (Hz) x sample resolution (bits) x length of sample (s)

sample rate (Hz) x sample resolution (bits) x length of sample (s) x 2

• communications protocol that allows electronic musical instruments to interact with each other

• 8-bit serial transmission

• e.g. key on/off, key pressure

uses audio compression to convert music and sounds

allows storage of multimedia files like music, videos, photos and animations

used to reduce photographic file sizes

• all data bits from original file can be reconstructed

• used for important files

• repeated patterns are grouped together in indexes

• PNG, ZIP

replacing a long series of a repeated character with a count of the repetition

• eliminates unnecessary bits of data

• impossible to get original file back

• reduces file quality

• MP3, JPEG