Key Terms ITI Exam 2

Mechanisms through which behaviors are controlled or influenced, including norms, markets, and architecture.

The idea that software and hardware code can regulate behavior in cyberspace similar to how laws regulate behavior in physical space.

The balance between freedom and various forms of regulation that can protect or infringe upon individual liberties.

The importance of clarity about who is regulating and how, to ensure regulators are accountable for their actions.

Viewing technology strictly as tools and machines.

Understanding technology as systems of rules or procedures.

A comprehensive view that includes both the hardware and the human context of use.

The misconception that technology solely stems from the application of scientific knowledge.

Complexes that include hardware, knowledge, skills, organizations, and individuals.

The idea that technology's usefulness depends on its application and doesn't inherently make the world better or worse.

Technology as a tool useful for certain types of work.

Technology communicates how it should be used.

Some technology can work on its own, but human input is often essential.

The precursor to the modern Internet, developed by DARPA.

Intended for government and defense department, internet communication must continue despite loss of networks or gateways, internet must support multiple types of communications service.

A method of data transmission where data is broken into packets and sent through a network.

A set of networking protocols that enable different networks to communicate, forming the basis of the Internet.

Concept leading to the creation of the modern Internet, allowing different networks to interconnect.

Cerf’s efforts in expanding the Internet beyond military and research use to the general public and commercial sectors.

Data packets are labeled with one to put them in the correct order.

Non-linear text systems allowing links between documents.

Systems where information is interconnected through links.

Fundamental elements of hypertext systems, representing information pieces and connections.

A decentralized approach to managing and accessing interconnected documents.

Design principle allowing systems to grow and interconnect without central control.

A framework to understand how networks function, organizing layers from physical to abstract.

Layers are organized from the most tangible and most physical, to less tangible but closer to the end user. Each layer abstracts lower level functionality away until by the time you get to the highest layer.

Physical, Data Link, Network, Transmission, Session, Presentation, Application.

A tool that shows the route data takes across the internet.

Used by traceroute to test the path.

Each jump from one router to another in the data path.

Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away.

Used to make lists visually clear in code.

One tab (usually), python doesn’t care if you manually space or tab.

How to loop through lists in code, whitespace matters.

Ability to remove, add, or change elements in code.

The first item is at index 0.

Can put numbers or lists in a list, can have an empty list.

Backrub.

Creator of the World Wide Web (www).

Produces a global ranking of web pages based on their location in the web’s graph structure.

Case sensitivity, quoting variables, code comments.

Codes may not work due to caps lock, be mindful of capitalization. Ex: “Print(“Hello World”)” the P is capital outside of the “string”.

Use quotes when printing a variable to print the exact thing in the quote. Ex: print(“hello world”) will print hello world, but if you do “greeting= “Hello World!” and then do print(greeting) - this will print hello world

Use comments to provide the intention of the following lines of code.

Put quotes around in code.

The tendency to use minor differences as a rationale for hostility.

A systems view including people and computing.

Regulatory factors that constrain and enable behaviors.

Legal, social norms, market forces, architecture.

Putting one thing after another, not the same as

running individual python commands in an interactive “real time” console

writing a series of python commands in a file and executing that file

Used by traceroute to test the path

The theory that technology determines the development of society’s structure and cultural values.

The counterpoint to technological determinism suggests that cultural and societal values shape technological development.

A middle-ground perspective acknowledging both technological trends and human agency.

The idea that technology changes faster than society can adapt to it