UNIT 4 REVIEW HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

a group of people who have certain traits in common

EX: the French, Canadians, Mexicans, etc. (4.1)

a singular nation that fulfills the requirements of a state

EX: Japan, Iceland, Denmark (4.1)

a cultural group with no political entity

EX: Kurds, Basques, Palestinians (4.1)

a country that contains more than one nation

EX: The United Kingdom, Indonesia, Afghanistan (4.1)

a nation with a state that stretches across borders of other states; a cultural region with a smaller political entity within

EX: Russian, Korean, Arab (4.1)

a defined area within a state that has a high degree of self-government and freedom from parent country

EX: Jewish Autonomous Oblast in Russia (4.1)

an area that has some type of partial political autonomy

EX: Native reservations in America, Puerto Rico (4.1)

control over developing countries exerted through indirect means (economic, political, or cultural power)

EX: Banana Republics, modern-day Africa (4.1)

the study of effects of geography on politics and relations among states (4.1)

the power a political unit has to rule over its own affairs (4.1)

the concept that nations have the right to govern themselves (4.1)

the European division of the Ottoman Empire into the middle eastern countries; created superimposed boundaries (4.1)

the European division of Africa without consideration of the demography within Africa; created superimposed, geometric boundaries (4.1)

“empty land” or “land belonging to no one” (4.1)

recognizes natives’ rights for areas occupied historically and currently in specific areas (4.1)

DDDA – Define (establish), Delimit (draw on map), Demarcate (signs/fences on the ground), Administer (enforce and maintain) (4.2)

physical barrier constructed by the state to either keep people in or out of their territory; the strictest border

EX: North/South Korea boundary (4.2)

enforcement and maintaining of a boundary by government; strictness of border varies

EX: Mexico/United States boundary (4.2)

boundary in which there are no establishments and one is free to move from one side to another; most relaxed border

EX: countries in the European Union (4.2)

a region that is deeply divided along cultural, ethnic, or religious lines that compete for influence

EX: the Balkans (4.2)

a strategic narrow route providing passage through or to another region

EX: Strait of Hormuz (4.2)

a study of structure or form (4.2)

a willingness by one person/group to defend the space they claim (4.2)

boundary set by physical features

EX: Missouri and Illinois separated by the Mississippi river (4.2)

boundary that no longer exists, but evidence of it still exists on the landscape

EX: Great Wall of China, Berlin Wall (4.2)

boundary drawn by outside powers

EX: Berlin Conference and Sykes-Picot impacted countries (4.2)

border drawn in an area after the population is present; opposite of antecedent

EX: China/Vietnam border (4.2)

boundary set before a large population was present, often set on a natural boundary; opposite of subsequent

EX: United States/Canada border (4.2)

a straight line drawn by people that does not follow a physical feature; could be considered the opposite of natural

EX: Africa (Berlin Conference) (4.2)

a type of subsequent boundary that takes into account the differences that exist within a cultural landscape, separating groups that have distinct languages, religions, ethnicities, or other traits

EX: Mormon region within Utah (4.2)

conflict sprouted when one country wants another territory because part of their ethnic population lives there (4.2)

conflict sprouted when there are differing opinions on how the border functions or should function (4.2)

conflict sprouted when there are natural resources on the border that may be used by both countries (sky, sea, and ground) (4.2)

UNCLOS; establishes rights and laws for the sea that assist with the division of maritime boundaries and resources (4.2)

defined boundaries that elect officials and create laws (4.3)

when the government redraws boundaries to reflect reapportionment after the census (4.3)

when boundaries are drawn to establish political advantages (4.3)

unitary states – top-down, centralized national power; homogenous, small states

EX: Japan

federal states – locally based with dispersed power through national and state governments; ethnically diverse, big states

EX: United States (4.3)

company that conducts business on a global scale

EX: McDonalds, Coca-Cola, Amazon (4.4)

international organizations where multiple states transcend national boundaries or interests to share in decision-making and vote on issues pertaining to the wider grouping

EX: World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations (UN), NATO (4.4)

vertical – controls each step from the ground to capital good (the entire process of one final good is owned)

horizontal – controls all of one step (the entire step of one component is owned) (4.4)

the transfer of political power from the central government to subnational levels of government; mostly on regional lines and tend to respond to conflict (4.4)

physical geography, ethnic and linguistic separation, terrorism, economics, subnationalism, irredentism (4.4)

named after early 1900s ethnic conflict between balkan states; nowadays refers to the split of a country into smaller, often hostile states (4.4)

a capital city that is relocated for economic, political, or strategic symbolism attempting to create unity

EX: Abuja, Nigeria (4.4)

factors that pull people together

EX: ethnonationalism, equitable infrastructure development, cultural cohesion (4.4)

factors that force people apart

EX: failed states, uneven development, stateless nations, ethnic nationalist movements, ethnic cleansing (4.4)