geography end of years

• better houses & schools

• better overall resources

• lowered taxes

• lowered population

• female infanticide

• large gender gap

• high crime rates

• forced abortions

• low workforce

• aging population

severe overpopulation causes a famine & puts pressure on resources

• forced abortions

• fired from government jobs

• fined

• higher wages

• priority in schools

• better healthcare and housing

• retirement funds

• lower taxes

1979-2015

a chinese program that prohibited families to one child per family

• shortage of workers

• low levels of production

• resources under used

• high taxes

• lack of government income

• small market for goods and services

• low value of exports

• not enough housing

• water and air pollution

• shortage of food and water

• high crime rates

• more energy needed

• more waste disposal

• more infrastructure needed

• poverty

• lack of employment

• lack of healthcare

• lack of education

decrease in population

imbalance in the number ratio of girls to boys

the number of children a couple must have in order to replace themselves

encourages births to increase population and birth rate

eg: russia

restricts births to bring birth rate & pressure on resources down

eg: china

dependancy ratio = dependants / economically active population * 100

very low birth rate & low death rate creates a natural decrease in population

low birth rate & low death rate creates a stable population

lowering birth rate & stabilising death rate creates a slow increase in population

high birth rate & decrease in death rate creates rapid increase in population

low population growth

birth rate - death rate ÷ 10

a population where majority of the population are 65+

the increase in the number of elderly people

the number of years an average person born in a country can expect to live

people aged 15-64

the number of people who are too young or too old to work

children under 15 and adults over 65

resources = people

eg: norway

resources > people

eg: canada

resources < people

eg: nigeria

deliberately causing the death of a child under 1 years old

demographic transition model

how many people per kilometre squared

how people are spread out within a specific area

average number of chidren per mother

a sudden increase in the population of a country

death rate is higher than the death rate

birth rate is higher than the death rate

number of deaths per year per 1000 population per year

number of live births per year per 1000 population per year

leaves a country because of war

TEMPORARY

sending money back home from a foreign country

migration within a country

something that makes people want to come to a country

something that makes people want to leave a country

when people want experts in their country

people who are in a country illegally

hope for better economic oppurtunities

a person fleeing for fear of being killed

PERMANENT

where you go to

where you are originally from

when you leave your country to live in another

EXITING

when you leave a country to go to another

ENTERING

the movement of people permanently

the movement of people from one country to another

sum of money given by government as an incentive

disease preventing injections

a migrant with a tertiary education

• more disposable income

• more job opportunities

• lack of family planning

• culture to have large families

• children to work

• people can have children at a young age

• better healthcare (eg. more hospitals, doctors, vaccines)

• in case some die, others will support parents

• more food available (better nutrients/health)

niamey

• not enough housing

• pollution of air and water

• shortage of food and water

• high crime rates

• not enough health care and schools

• congested roads

an instrument used to measure air pressure using millibars

the force exerted on the earth by the air above

instrument used to measure wind direction

an instrument that measures wind speed

a non digital instrument that measures wind speed

an instrument used to measure precipitation in mm

a scale for estimating wind speed using the effects of it

• low clouds

• below 6,000 feet

• form in flat layers

• 6,000 - 18,000 feet

• fluffy clouds that cover the sky

• light rainfall

• thin wispy clouds

• above 18,000 feet

• ice clouds

• no rain

instrument used to determine relative humidity

• one bulb places the muslin cloth in water

• dry bulb measures actual temperature

• difference between the two ==> HUMIDITY

• find where the two figures meet in the RELATIVE HUMIDITY TABLE to find relative humidity

• large difference between figures ==> LOW RH%

• small difference between figures ==> HIGH RH%

instrument that records the highest and lowest temperatures since the last reset

• u shaped tube contains alcohol//mercury that expands//contracts when temperature changes

• narrow column of liquid on the top of one of the bulbs

• flags within the column indicate min//max temp by the expanding liquids in each tube expanding//contracting

• it is then reset using magnets to move back to current temp

measures sunshine

• glass ball focuses and reflects light

• light burns cardboard sheet

• gaps in burn marks shows blockage of the sun and measures sunshine

weather station housing instruments to allow a standardised environment

• sited on level ground

• not sited on any ground that could affect temp readings

• surrounded by fence to prevent damage

• door should face away from the sun to avoid direct sunlight

• sited away from artificial heat/cooling systems

• sited in an open are away from trees to not be shaded

• painted white to reflect sunlight

• 125cm off the ground to avoid heating influence

• hinged door for access

• 65cm high, 60cm wide, 40cm deep

• roof to prevent rain and direct heat

• wooden slats to allow air flow

the amount of the total sky that is covered by clouds measures in OKTAS

each okta represents one eighth of the sky that is covered by clouds

• greenhouses

• weather stations

• environments where its important to track temp variations over time

day to day changes in the atmosphere

the pattern of weather, usually based off a period of 30 years

the study of weather

• tropical

• desert

• polar

• arid

• snow

• fleet

• rain

• hail

frequently windless area of low pressure near the equator

• water vapour heats from the earths surface and rises

• cools and condenses into clouds and rains

• thunderstorms in the afternoon

• heavy convectional rain

• high mean annual temperatures

• small temperature range - average 26

between 10°N and 10°S of the Equator

2000mm

convection currents that cycle between the equator

a community made up of living things and the non-living environment around them

biotic

abiotic

• 60m+ tall

• long thin trunk to reach sunlight and rain

• few side branches

• cope with intense heat and rain

• only a few trees break through

• shaped like umbrellas

• big, thick & waxy leaves

• hardwood

• evergreens

• eagles

• monkeys

• bats

• butterflies

• 50% of all forest life

• blocks out sunlight

• made of overlapping branches and leaves

• smooth oval leaves that come to a point

• drier and hotter than other parts of the forest

• plants//animals are specifically adapted