Ap Euro Final

Linear perspectives, space and depth, naturalistic realism, classical revival

Philosophy that celebrates human cultural achievements and emphasizes human reason and ethics.

humanism with the added belief that one must be an active and contributing member to one's society

took control of Florence from the Medici family

European monarchs who created professional armies and a more centralized administrative bureaucracy.

A government controlled by religious leaders

A ruling dynasty of the HRE, one of the wealthiest landholders in the Empire originally from Austria

believed God is all-powerful and good, in predestination, and in "visible saints". They broke from the Catholic Church in the 16th century

A former kingdom in north-central Europe including present-day northern Germany and northern Poland

In 1534 Henry VIII had Parliament pass this legislation making him the head of the Church of England

son of Henry VII and King of England from 1509 to 1547 the one that had 6 wives lol

first czar of Russia, known for cruelty and being constantly at war

a social theory favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control.

Pico della Mirandola's book that portrays Plato's opinion on the limits of our senses

These were the "radicals" in Reformation in which someone would choose if they wanted to be baptized

wipes out protestantism, kills 7,000 people, france remains catholic 1572

French Protestants influenced by John Calvin.

• movement against Catholic indulgences

• Martin Luther's 95 Theses \n 1517

the peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648

Swiss theologian whose sermons began the Reformation in Switzerland (1484-1531)

the idea that monarchs are God's representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God.

People who supported the artists financially

English Queen and politique who united Protestants and Catholics through compromise 1558-1603

Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation; reformed and revived Catholic doctrine. 16th century

reaffirmed traditional Catholic beliefs against the Reformation. Q1545-1673

He believed in divine right and that rebellion was the worst of all crimes. (1549)

son of James I who was King of England and Scotland and Ireland

Greek painter sculptor and architect of the Spanish renaissance 1541 -1614 mannerism Spanish Renaissance Renaissance

a style in European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance

English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658)

was the overthrow of James II by William III and Mary II 1688 bloodlessly

merchant oligarchy, religious tolerance, Dutch Golden Age, huge economic center

the first European to reach India by sea sailing around the tip of Africa. Age of exploration

series of civil wars that wanted to break the authority of the monarchy 1648-1653

A palace built in the 17th century for Louis XIV southwest of Paris near the city of Versailles

king of France from 1643 to 1715, absolute ruler, versaii, caused debt

In 1540, this edict subjected all Huguenots to the Inquisition. Evoked edict of Nantes

This mercantilist economist was the financial advisor to Louis XIV

Ruler of the Netherlands who led a revolt for independence against Hapsburg Philip II of Spain

Those who remained loyal to Charles I during the English Civil War

Those who remained loyal to parliment during English civil war

This 1598 edict issued by Henry IV recognized the rights of France's Protestants

Indifference to or rejection of religion or religious consideration

Rousseau, suggestions in reforming the political system and modeled after the Greek polis.

Belief that nothing can be known about whether God exists

Great Ottoman leader, expanded land area of Ottomans, and restructured system of law. 1520-1566

A logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem

France 1840's- called for an end in private property ownership

belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.

1600-1750, Art that applies naturalistic, REALIST styles and contrast with light and dark.

• European economic change marked by guilds, banking, and capitalism

This was the man who started the Jesuit movement to help people to find God around the world

1689 laws protecting the rights of English subjects and Parliament

grouping people by wealth or importance, rank or class

believed all people have a right to life, liberty, and property

essay written by John Locke.

English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women

Book by Mary Wollstonecraft that said men and women should have equal rights

The Social Contract, french philosioher

believed that people are born selfish and need a strong central authority, wrote leviathan

German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630)

French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment (1694-1778) wrote Candide

do we freely choose our actions or is behavior caused by things outside our control?

Life, Liberty, and Property, by Locke

king of Prussia from 1740 to 1786, an enlightened despot

A philosophy which suggests that nothing can ever be known for certain. Soubted the church

The Basic economic questions are answered by having buyers and sellers make economic decisions. Gov doesnt interfere

19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason til 1850

mathematician, made gravity laws and the laws of motion

French mathematician and philosopher and Jansenist, wanted science and religion to be combined and showed why they appealed to each other

developed the scientific method

Danish astronomer who collected data to prove that Copernicus was correct

Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations a precursor to modern Capitalism.

written by Adam Smith, promoted laissez-faire, free-market economy, and supply-and-demand economics

Enlightenment ECONOMIC reformers, asvocated for laizze farre and adam smith

Cesare Beccaria, wanted to demolish grusone and painful torture and public deaths

the belief that god created the world and then left it to its own devices

Baron de Montesquieu

Believing that God does not exist

..., This was the Protestant church in England.

members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola

Philosophical movement that changed the way people thought (politics, religion, rights, etc). During the 17th and 18th century "the century of philosophy" deciding to use logic and reason to decide how a country should be organized. Influenced the French Revolution