Hosa Pathophysiology

move an arm or leg away from the body

detachment of the placenta from the uterus before birth; often results in severe bleeding

excision or removal

a localized collection of pus surrounded by swollen tissue

the cup-shaped cavity in which the ball-shaped head of the femur articulates; hip socket

failure of the esophagogastric sphincter to relax with swallowing

pale or clay-colored; this type of stool usually results from problems in the biliary system

a decreased pH of the blood; increased hydrogen ion concentration

a pathologic condition resulting from an abnormal increase in the level of hydrogen ions in the body (decrease in pH), resulting from the accumulation of acid or loss of the alkaline reserve

an abdominal condition of sudden onset, accompanied by pain resulting from intraabdominal inflammation or infection

absence of a bluish appearance of the skin and mucous membranes

a cancerous tumor arising from glandular tissue

a benign neoplasm in which cells are derived from glandular epithelium

a cancerous gland-like tumor, such as Wilms' tumor

a virus pathogenic to humans that causes conjunctivitis, upper respiratory infection, cystitis, or GI infection; may persist in lymphoid tissue in latent period of the infection

pertaining to accessory organs or tissues; an appendage(s)

the clumping of antigens with antibodies or of the red blood cells from one type of blood with the red blood cells of another type

the coming together of entities such as platelets, blood cells, or diseases

a condition of the blood marked by a sudden decrease in the number of granulocytes (a type of white blood cell); occurs in lesions of the throat or other mucous membranes or as a side effect of the administration of certain drugs or radiation

excessive alkalinity of body fluids

an antigenic substance capable of producing an allergic response in the body

a graft of tissue between genetically different individuals of the same species

reduced vision in an eye without a detectable organic lesion

a loss of memory; inability to recall past experiences

radiography (after injection of radiopaque contrast medium into the amniotic fluid) of the pregnant uterus to detect placement of the placenta, the amniotic cavity, and the fetus

a transparent albuminous liquid made by the amnion and the fetus; surrounds and protects the fetus during pregnancy

an enzyme produced in the salivary glands and pancreas that helps in digestion of starches

a waxy, starchlike protein that tends to build up in tissues and organs in certain pathologic conditions

relief of pain

a drug that resembles another but has different effects

a severe systemic allergic response characterized by redness, itching, swelling, and water buildup (angioedema); in severe cases, life-threatening respiratory distress occurs and the blood pressure drops rapidly (anaphylactic shock)

a change in the orientation and structure of cells; a loss of differentiation that is characteristic of malignancy

the surgical or pathologic connection between two vessels or tubular structures

partial of complete loss of sensation caused by injury, diseases, or the administration of an anesthetic agent

paroxysmal chest pain, which often radiates to the arms and may be accompanied by a feeling of suffocation and impending death; the most common cause is a shortage of oxygen to the cardiac muscle linked with coronary artery disease

repair of a narrowed blood vessel through surgery or other angiographic procedures

an enzyme found on the surface of blood vessels in the lungs and other tissues with vasopressive action

agents that inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (a potent vasoconstrictor) and promote relaxation of blood vessels

immobility of a joint

loss of appetite for food

impairment or loss of smell

an immunoglobulin that may combine with a specific antigen to destroy or control it

a drug used to block the transmission of parasympathetic nerve impulses

any enzyme that counteracts the action of the choline esters

any substance that delays or prevents blood clotting

a medication that prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting

any substance that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies

a substance that kills microorganisms or suppresses their growth

a drug or treatment that reduces or relieves fever

a substance that inhibits the growth of microorganisms

a substance that inhibits trypsin, an enzyme that hastens the hydrolysis of protein

a substance that diminishes anxiety

a nerve defect that results in loss of speech

inability to produce normal speech sounds or loss of voice

recurrent painful canker sores in the mouth

surgical removal of the apex of an infected or damaged tooth root

the temporary cessation of breathing

a pattern of cell death affecting single cells; refers to programmed cell death

variation or loss of normal rhythm of the heartbeat

the immobilization of a joint accomplished surgically

surgical reconstruction or replacement of a diseased joint

abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of serous fluid

drawing in or out by suction

without symptoms

the absence of contractions of the heart; cardiac standstill

an uncoordinated gait associated with pathology of the central nervous system

a wasting away; a degeneration of a cell, tissue, organ, or muscle because of disease or other influences

the record of a hearing test

a sensation of phenomenon that signals the onset of an epileptic seizure or a migraine

a diagnostic technique of listening for sounds within the body, particularly the lungs, heart, or abdominal viscera

an antibody that attacks and destroys the body's own cells

an immune response resulting in the presence of self-antigens or autoantigens on the surface of certain body cells' may result in allergy or autoimmune disease

refers to spreading a microorganism by contact with a lesion on one's own body

refers to the autonomic nervous system that has two divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic

any of the 22 ordinary paired chromosomes in humans, distinguished from the sex (X and Y) chromosomes

separation of a body part by tearing

an absence of spermatozoa in the semen

an excess of urea or other nitrogenous bodies in the blood

a pale, soft, alkaline metallic element; a radiopaque barium (barium sulfate) compound commonly used in radiographic studies of the gastrointestinal tract

bogginess of the temporal region of the head that may indicate fracture at the base of the skull

a uterus having two horns or horn-shaped branches

split into two branches

the presence of bilirubin in the blood

the presence of bilirubin in the urine

the excision of tissue from the living body, followed by microscopic examination, for the purpose of exact diagnosis

the gases present in the blood that are a result of use of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide during metabolism; the blood is analyzed for evidence of deviations (acidosis or alkalosis) from normal levels

a measurement of urea nitrogen (a substance formed during protein breakdown) in the serum or plasma; an elevated level of this may indicate impaired renal function

buttocks

examination of the bronchial tree with a bronchoscope to obtain a biopsy, remove an obstruction, or diagnose a disease

an abnormal sound heard in auscultation

a profound and marked wasting disorder, usually associated with malnutrition and such diseases as cancer and tuberculosis

a stone usually composed of mineral salts (e.g. kidney stones and gallstones) or calcified deposits on the teeth

a substance that produces cancer or that causes transformation of a normal cell to a cancerous one

the circular muscle at the opening of the esophagus into the stomach

enlargement of the heart

a defect of the heart muscle

a negative mold or copy formed in a hollow organ or part; a urinary cast is a small structure formed within the urinary system from mineral or protein matter and extruded from the body in urine

a progressive disease in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, impairing vision or causing blindness

a state of not being able to move, with the assumption of a rigid, often bizarre posture

an instrument or chemical that destroys tissue as a therapeutic measure