Chapter 7: Populations

________: Maximum reproductive rate of a population if conditions were ideal.

________: A species that can eat almost anything and live almost anywhere, like a cockroach.

________: A species that only eats a specific item or live in only one place /habitat, like a koala.

Type ________: Almost all die young and only few live to adults.

________- dependent factors: Things that become worse as the ________ of the population is larger.

Carrying ________: The number of organisms an ecosystem can support over time.

Type II ________: Die at all stages of lifetime.

________: When a population exceeds its carrying capacity and there is a dieback.

________: The demographic transition model is another way to look at populations.

________: Pyramid- shaped graphs showing the number of female and males in each age group.

________ change in reaction to a variety of factors, including social and cultural factors.

________ in ecosystems change over time in response to factors in their environment and ________ are limited by availability of resources and space.

A species that can eat almost anything and live almost anywhere, like a cockroach

A species that only eats a specific item or live in only one place/habitat, like a koala

Maximum reproductive rate of a population if conditions were ideal. In other words, if there was plenty of room, plenty of food, no predators, and so on, then how many of a particular species could live in the area.

Long life, not many die young. Example: humans.

humans

Die at all stages of lifetime. Example: birds.

birds

Almost all die young and only few live to adults. Example: fish.

fish

The number of organisms an ecosystem can support over time. This is often shown in a graph.

When a population exceeds its carrying capacity and there is a dieback

Pyramid-shaped graphs showing the number of female and males in each age group

The total number of children born, or likely to be born, to a woman in her lifetime if she were subject to the prevailing rate of age-specific fertility in the population

The number of infants that die before their first birthday out of 1,000 births

Things that become worse as the density of the population is larger. Infectious disease is an example of this since the more humans there are, the faster the disease can spread.

Things such as severe storms, droughts, heat waves, and fires that can influence populations regardless of their density. For example, a tornado doesn’t hit a city more than a rural area; where people live doesn’t matter to a tornado.

This is a calculation to solve for how many years it will take for a population to double. 70/growth rate = doubling time. If you are given the doubling time, then rearrange the formula to solve for the growth rate.

The demographic transition model is another way to look at populations.

pre-industrial, transitional, industrial, and postindustrial

• Large size

• Few offspring per year

• Live in stable environments in certain places

• Specialized diets

• Spend a lot of time and energy caring for their offspring

• Long life spans

• Reproduce more than once in their lifetime

• Can be impacted by invasive species or environmental changes

• Small

• Many offspring

• Don’t take care of their offspring (or very little care)

• Mature early

• Short life spans

• Live almost anywhere

• Eat almost anything

• Not as impacted by invasive species or environmental changes