History revision notes yr 8

• Italian

• worked for Henry VII

• In 1497 he tried to reach Asia but instead accidentally ended up in Canada

• Portuguese

• Set off in September 1519 on a journey around the world

• He died but proved earth was round

• Italian

• From 1499-1504 he explored where Columbus did and went all the way to the south american coast

• people think america is named after him

• Portuguese

• In 1498 he proved it was possible to sail to India

• Italian polymath

• Born on April 15 1452, in Anchiano

• scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, writer, anatomist, painter, sculptor, architect, botanist and musician

• King of England

• Had 4 wives

• Spoke German, Spanish, French and English

• Set off in 1492

• Went to the Americas

• Hoped to find to India and China by sea

• Italian explorer

• Sailed west which meant he landed in the West Indies

• Were granted permission by monarchs to attack foreign ships and steal from them

• anything taken had to be shared with the monarch

• John Hawkins was one (1532-95)

• He was the cousin of Sir Francis Drake

• He was a slave trader and became very rich from it

• He was knighted in 1588

Privateers who didn’t share the rewards or people who went exploring to steal only for their own gain

• In 1534 Henry used Parliament to grant the Act of Supremacy which him annul his marriage to Catherine as it made the monarch the head of the English Church, Henry broke with Rome for a few reasons-

  • Wanting to end his marriage

  • The rise of Protestantism

  • Wealth and power

• armada sails for england

• armada is sighted and beacons lit along english coast

• armada sails through english channel - some damage inflicted

• armada anchors near calais and english send fireships, spanish panic and scatter

• strong winds push spanish toward gravelines where battle of gravelines happens, english inflict heavy damage here

• the wind foces spanish back north and english retreat

• armada sails home but has to go round scotland and ireland - many ships are wrecked here

• spanish arrive home but most ships are lost

• spanish lost 51 ships and 20,000 men

• english kept all their ships and only 100 men

• bad weather was an important factor but there were many others:

  • leaders

  • planning

  • lack of reinforcements

  • tactics

  • ships

  • weapons

  • support