IGCSE Business people key terms

The factors that influence the behaviour of workers towards achieving set business goals.

A measure of the efficency of workers by calculating the output per worker.

Workers' non-attendance at work without good reason.

The rate at which workers leave a business.

The view that humans are only motivated by money.

Paying workers for each unit produced

The factors that must be present in the workplace to prevent job dissatisfaction.

The factors that influence a person to increase their efforts.

How unhappy and discontent a person is with their job

Cash and non-cash rewards paid to workers which are often used to motivate workers to increase their efforts.

Methods used to motivate workers that do not involve giving any financial rewards.

Payment to workers based on a fixed amount for each hour worked.

Fixed annual payment to certain grades and types of staff not based on hours worked on output.

Payment to workers based on the number of units products

Payment to staff based on the value of the items they sell.

An additional reward paid to workers for achieving targets set by managers.

A bonus scheme used to reward staff for performance to the required standard.

Non-cash rewards often used to recruit or retain workers and to recognise the status of certain employees.

An additional payment to workers based on the profits of the business.

Increasing variety in the workplace by allowing workers to switch from one task to another.

Increasing or widening tasks to increase variety for workers.

Organising work so that workers are encouraged to use their full abilities.

How happy and content a person is with their job.

Groups of workers who meet regularly to discuss work-related problems.

Organising production so that groups of workers complete the whole unit of work.

Passing responsibility to perform tasks to workers lower down in the organisation.

The formal, internal, framework of a business that shows how it is managed and organised.

The main activities of business: finance, marketing, operations, human resources and research and development.

The number of levels in an organisational structure

The route through which authority is passed down through an organisation.

An employee who is below another employee in the organisation's hierarchy.

The number of subordinates reporting to each supervisor/manager

Reducing the size of the hierarchy by removing one or more levels - most often middle management.

One where all the important decision-making power is held at Head Office, or the centre.

One where the decision-making powers are passed down the organisation to lower levels.

Appointed or elected members of the Board of Directors of a company who have the responsibility for determining and implementing the company's policy

A meeting for shareholders that limited companies must hold once every year.

The most senior manager responsible for overall performance and success of a company.

An individual who is in charge of a certain area or department of a business, for example the factory.

An individual who checks and controls the work of subordinates.

A leadership style where the leader makes all the decisions

A leadership style where workers take part in decision-making

A leadership style where most of the decisions are left to the workers.

An organisation of workers aimed at improving pay and working conditions and providing other services, such as legal advice, for members.

Filling a vacant post with someone already in the business.

Filling a vacant post with somebody not already employed in the business.

A list of the key points about a job, job title, key duties, responsibility and accountability.

A list of of the qualifications, skills, experience and personal qualities looked for in a successful applicant.

A list of candidates who are chosen from all of the applicants to be interviewed for the job.

A training programme to help new recruits become familiar with their workplace, the people they work with and the procedures they need to follow.

Training at the place of work. Watching or following an experienced worker.

Training that takes place away from the workplace, for example at college, university or specialist training provider's premises.

termination of employment by the worker, perhaps because they have found a job with a different employer.

Termination of employment due to the worker reaching an age beyond which they do not need to work.

Termination of employment by the employer because the job is no longer needed.

Termination by the employer because the worker has broken company rules or is not performing work to the required standard.

The methods used to communicate a message

The receiver's response to a message

Information passed between two or more people or groups, with feedback to confirm that the message has been received and understood.

The receiver is allowed to respond to the message and the sender listens to the response.