SOFTIE WARE

portion of the computer system which provides instructions to the hardware on how to perform tasks.

◦System Software

◦Application Software

• It provides the basic non-task-specific functions of the computer.

• It is responsible for controlling, integrating, and managing the individual hardware components of the computer system.

• Operating System

• Utility program

manages a computer’s resources and acts as intermediary between a user and the computer resources.

• Memory Management

• Resource Allocation and Sharing

• Backing Store management

• Interrupt handling

• Allowing users communicate with the computer.

• Command-line interface

• Manu-driven interface

• Graphical User interface (GUI)

displays a prompt, user types on the keyboard, computer executes and provide the textual output

user has a list of items to choose from and can make selection by highlighting one

uses windows, icons, pointers, menus

allows one user to run one program at a time

allows a single user to work on two or more programs at the same time

allows two or more users to run programs simultaneously

supports two or more processors running programs at the same time

This function optimizes the use of the RAM

The OS determines the order in which jobs are processed

organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network

The network administrator uses the network OS to establish permissions to resources.

can operate with or without a network

designed a network; resides on a server

a networked computer system designed to allow users to share software and to have controlled access to other user’s files.  It was developed by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and Douglas Mcllroy.

an operating system developed by Apple computer.

an operating system commercialized by Microsoft Corporation.  It was initially called QDOS (Quick and Dirty Operating System) developed by Tim Paterson.

an open source operating system developed by Linus Torvalds.

a type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs.

converts the entire source program into machine language.

translates and executes one statement at a time

It is used to accomplish specific user-oriented tasks.

• Packaged

• Custom

mass-produced, copyrighted retail software that meets needs of a wide variety of users

performs functions specific to a business or industry

software providedfor use, modification, and redistribution

copyrighted software that is distributed at no cost for a trial period

copyrighted software provided at no cost by an individual or a companythat retains all rights to the software

• software that has been placed in the public domain.

• no ownership such as copyright, trademark, or patent.

“tailor-made” to meet the requirements of a specific organization.

can be purchased by anyone.

it does a variety of jobs.

packages of common productivity tools that are bundled together.

can be used to perform a number of tasks, not necessarily for which the application was originally designed.

software that only has one/few application.

• Business

• Graphics and Multimedia

• Home/Personal/Educational

• Communications

Examples of ______:

• Word Processing

• Spreadsheet

• Databases

• Email

• Presentation graphics

• Desktop publishing

• Web browsers

• 1 st GL Machine Language

• 2 nd GL Assembly Language

Instructions are in the form of machine code, 1’s and 0’s

uses short, English-like, abbreviations to represent common elements of machine code

Uses English-like words to write instructions

• Cobol

• C Language

implements an object oriented design.

• Java

• C++

• C#