MX history

mother earth, creator of all gods, creator of corn

life and history, root of its civilization

500 BC - the oldest pyramid of stone

Rubber people - had a giant pyramid of clay, played the religious game of rubber ball, created giant stone heads and pillars

cut jade into masks and worshipped the jaguar

Gods feed on human blood, the slightest human neglect would cause the gods to send punishments.

Gods are to be feared but are also beautiful - like the god of wind, Quetzalcoatl - combination of opposites.

In early AD, art math astronomy and architecture reached a peak of achievement hardly equaled again.

built pyramids that rose above the jungle, invented an accurate calendar and the number 0

were the only ones who could read and write the Mayan hieroglyphs - created the calendar, calculated eclipses and told people when to sow the corn.

semi-communist state that used no money - the peasants worked and owned the land in common.

a metropolis of the classic age filled with pyramids and plazas with many houses.

Once called the painted city because of its once 10 000 walls ordained with images of heads, or gods

Chaac the rain god

a leveled mountaintop where they built a ceremonial city.

rewrote history, when he saw a bird on a cactus eating a snake in the Valley of Mexico and decided to move out to the island of Tenochtitlan and built the city.

redefined the theology - peasant youth must fight and die in order to bring prisoners for the altars to the sun.

1519 - He led a force of 4000 Spainiards into Tenochtitlan where the emperor greeted him as a divinity. - Cortez took the monarch captive.

Aztecs almost anihilated the Spaniards - The only night of conquest where the Spaniards suffered - Cortez and his men fled, a year later, they came back for reconquest.

took over as governor In 1527 when Cortez left his plantations to visit Spain - crappy person do many bad things

overwork in the mines, and many died to disease. (smallpox, malaria, chlorea, yellow fever, bubonic plaugue)

Eyewitness reports of the abuses of the Indians in society.

• The Spanish King passed a law that outlawed slavery for the natives - the Indians were frees, replaced by the Africans.

• Created new forms of forced labor and debt peonage. woohooo

1521-1531

saw the virgin mary and left her image on his cloak in 1531 - converted more indians to the jesus fanclub catholicism

turn of the century the colonial system was set up. - the colony sent silver, gold, wheat, sugar, chocolate and tobacco, Spain sent back consumer goods.

Creating consumer goods in Mexico was illegal because that is the job of the mother country.

Haciendas = landowning class, peons = poor ppl (indigenous) who are tied to them through work

descendants of original colonizers but born in Mexico. All top positions are reserved for los peninsulares

September 16, 1810 - sparked revolution by calling, “ Death to the wicked government!”

Battle of Monte de las Cruces in 1810 - he decreed the end of black slavery, end of taxes on Indians, confiscation of Spanish property and return it to the villages.

“Viva la Virgen de Guadalupe!”

Guanajuanto

revolutionary who had liberated some of South Mexico

Morelos’s successor who continued the revolution past the 1810s

crowned Agustin Iturbide as king. - he was a bad king so he was killed (oof)

7 months

1845 as a result of the Mexican-American war

was moving fast to support the war/fight back for TX

most unjust war ever fought by a stronger against a weaker nation.

President, push along the great reform of 1860s and they were strong christians. He was carrying out the “divine will”

Napoleon wanted to take Mexico in LA to complete his crusade and The mexicans “invited” Maximilian of Hapsburg to be their king

executed any civilians who helped the guerillas of protest-  France invented the counterinsurgency methods of modern colonialism.

under Juarez in the 1870s - Mexico united to fight against France’s foreign legion

rose in guerilla war in the south. He preached revolution for the peasants. - 1962, the land-for-the-tiller movt still spread in 60s and 70s

drew support from teachers, peasants and workers. Govt broke the strike and jailed the leaders.

1968, 27.5 million people gathered in Mx City and demanded the release of jailed officers and dismissal of the chief of police.

Govt sent armed thugs (porros) to campuses.

La Marinche, La Virgen de Guadalupe y Sor Juana Inez de la Cruz (poetress)