science quiz immune system

Microorganisms called germs. Pasteur and koch proposed microorganism to be the cause of infectious diseases.

disruption of normal body functions spread by direct or indirect contact

microorganisms and viruses that cause disease

Consists of the first and second lines of defense

Skin, tears, saliva, mucus, secretions contain lysozymes: which break up microorganism membranes.

Inflammatory response, swelling, redness, heat, pain and inflammation.

histamine cell for increased blood flow to the affected area

Body temperature is elevated to speed up immune response

Recognize self and non self

pathogens have these on their outer surface. Help to identify the pathogen

white blood cell

recognizes antigen because they have a matching shape

activates a b cell

B cells lead to plasma cells and Memory B cells

make lots of antibodies (unbound/free floating)

excess antibodies are stored in the memory B cells to remember how to get rid of a certain virus

equals Plasma cell and Memory B cell

1. Pathogen enters the body(1st line of defense breached)

2. Inflammatory response

3. (HI starts)B cell antibody matches the pathogen’s antigen(ID)

4. Helper T cell activates production of memory B cells and plasma cells

5. Memory B cells remember and store antibodies, specific to the antigen used for a possible future attack by the same antigen(later)

6. Plasma cells are produced releasing antibodies to fight the pathogen(Now)

1.An inactive, weakened version of the pathogen is injected into the body.

2.Antibodies are made

3. Immune response is faster upon future exposure (secondary response)

Pathogen enters the body, Inflammatory response(non specific defense)

1.Macrophage(phagocyte-WBC) engulf pathogen and display the antigens on its own surface

2.Helper T cells detect the macrophage and make more copies of Helper T cells

3a.Helper T cell makes memory T cells

3b.Helper T cell activates cytotoxic T cells(always being produced in the enzymes)

Sometimes the immune system overreacts to antigen.(Kawasaki, Aids, Lupus)

body’s inflammatory response to allergens(pet dander, pollen and food allergies)

constriction of airways (hereditary and environmental causes)

non recognition of self cells

Natural: placenta, breast milk. Allows nutrients, oxygen and antibodies. Injection of externally produced antibodies. Temporary.

Natural exposure: infection. Prevented by vaccines and making antibodies. Long lasting.

protein coat surrounding a virus(Have DNA or RNA0

A virus is nonliving.

Viruses can reproduce only by infecting living cells. A virus antigen attaches on host cell receptors.

Unicellular

No nucleus

DNA in cytoplasm

Bacteria or Archaea

Bacteria include a wide range of organisms; many phyla are needed to classify this group.

vary in size, shape, and movement.No movementPropelled by flagella, Glide on secretions

Rod shaped

spherical

spiral

Helper T cell, which are needed for normal immune system function, are destroyed. Sexual contact; contact with contaminated blood or body fluids; can be passed to babies during delivery or during breastfeeding.

Fatigue, weight loss, fever, night sweats, chills, appetite loss, bloody sputum from lungs. Bacteria particles are inhaled.

Heterotrophic eukaryotes

Protists are eukaryotes; not members of the plant, animal, or fungi kingdoms.

Some protists are more like members of other kingdoms.

medicine that fights bacterial infections (only)

Bacteria can mutate very quickly to become resistant to the antibiotics which leads humans to make stronger antibodies. Bacteria have evolved.