Ch 7 - Knowledge Management and Specialized Information Systems

collection of facts organised so they have additional value beyond the facts themselves

awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision

is an organised collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices.

is objective, can be measured and documented in reports, papers, and rulers

hard to measure and document, typically not objective or formalised

top-level executive who helps the organisation use a KMS to create, store, and use knowledge to achieve organisational goals

secretaries, administrative assistants, bookkeepers

create, use, and disseminate knowledge

group of people dedicated to a common discipline or practice. May be used to create, store, and share knowledge

includes documents, reports, files and databases

directory that points the knowledge worker to the needed knowledge

is based on learning new knowledge and changing procedure and approaches as a result

computers with the ability to mimic or duplicate the functions of the human brain

include the people, procedures, hardware, software, data, and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and machines that demonstrate characteristics of human intelligence

determines whether responses from a computer with high intelligence are distinguishable from a human being

idea is to directly connect the human brain to a computer and have thought control computer activities

hardware and software that stores knowledge and makes inferences, similar to human expert

mechanical devices that can perform tasks that require a high degree of precision

combine both high precision machine capabilities and sophisticated controlling software

Hardware and software that permit computers to capture, store, and manipulate visual images and pictures Effective at identifying people based on facial features

processing that allows the computer to understand and react to statements and commands made in a “natural” language

converting sound waves into words

combination of software and hardware that allows the computer to change how it functions or reacts to situations based on feedback it receives

requires feedback on results of actions or decisions

computer system that simulates functioning of a human brain Can process many pieces of data at the same time

helps engineers slow or speed drilling operations to help increase accuracy/reduce costs

approach to solving complex problems in which a number of related operations or models change and evolve until the best one emerges

programs and a knowledge base used to perform a specific task for a person, process, or another program

systems that use heuristics (techniques) to arrive at conclusions or make suggestions

stores all relevant information, data, rules, cases, and relationship used by expert system Created by using rules and cases

seeks information and relationships from the knowledge base Provides answers, predictions, and suggestions like a human expert

allows user or decision maker to understand how the expert system arrived at certain conclusions or results

provides convenient and efficient means of capturing and string all components of knowledge base

Can present users and decision makers with easy to use menus

permits decision makers to develop and use their own expert systems

• Main purpose: to make development and use of an expert system easier for users and decision makers

person or group with the expertise or knowledge the expert system is trying to capture

person who has training in the design, development, implementation, and maintenance of an expert system

person or group who uses and benefits from the expert system

enables one or more users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment

user becomes fully immersed in an artificial, 3D world that is completely generated by a computer

relays sense of touch and other sensations in a virtual world Most challenging to create

uses information systems to develop competitive strategies for people, organisations, or even countries

combines traditional disciplines, such as science and medicine, with computer systems and technology