WWII

“The Man of Steel” - Communist Totalitarian leader of the Soviet Union

“Il Duce” - Fascist Totalitarian leader of Italy

Paramilitary wing of the National Fascist Party

“Deh Fuhrer” - Fascist Totalitarian leader of Germany

1939 boat - 900+ Jewish refugees were turned away from Canada

Economic crisis put countries in chaos - Hitler and Mussolini used this to their advantage

War Guilt Clause and reparation payments made Germany bitter and want to seek revenge

to lead people out of difficult times

Manchuria in 1931

Ethiopia in 1935

Rhineland in 1936

Austria in 1938

Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia

Lacked key members, no army, lost confidence in collective security, Hitler takes Germany out of the League in 1933

Britain and France practiced appeasement with Hitler until 1939

other countries give the aggressor what is wants just to prevent another war

Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to remove all military from Rhineland (but Hitler takes Germany out Treaty), and Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland

Germany troops moved into Austria and made it part of Germany

to make something a part of a greater whole

Hitler wanted to “reunify” the Germans in Czechoslovakia with Germany and threatened invation on Oct 1st 1938

Appeasers gave Hitler the Sudetenland in exchange for: not invading the rest of Czechoslovakia

March 15th, 1939

Germany & Soviet Union agreement to not attack each other, or aid an enemy country

Hitler wanted to avoid a 2-front war when he invaded Poland, Staling needed to rebuild his army after the Purges

Germany’s invasion of Poland

“lightning warfare” - very fast and effective

France & Britain immediately declared war on Germany

Canada declared war 10 days later, through vote

conscription would never be required

Nazi-Germany, Italy, Japan

Britain, Canada, China, France, Soviet Union, USA

Operation Sea Lion

Operation Barbarossa

Canada’s first European battle in WWII

take back the beach and Dieppe from the Germans, pull German forces away from the russian front

fail - german forces were planted on the cliffs and more canadians died than any other day in the war

Canada used merchant ships to carry supplied to England, Germany used U-boats to sink these ships, battle went on over the duration of the war

Allies planned invasion of Normandy and decided to distract the Axis powers by invading Italy

June 6th, 1944

half of Canadians were of British ancestry so support was nearly unanimous, Quebec and pacifists opposed

everything is for the war effort, industry is focused on supplying the front

government put restrictions on products

Air crews came to Canada from Commonwealth for training

at first King promised no conscription, but there was a need for more troops

all men must help with the war effort, but not to serve overseas

factory workers, farmers, armed forces, radio operators, nurses, ambulance drivers

to encourage anti-Japanese and anti-German sentiments

feared a Japanese invasion, stripped of their rights, fingerprinted, photographed, and ID

deportation to Japan or relocation away from the west coast

possessions of Japanese Canadians could be sold without permission

PM Mulroney gave $21,000 to each living internee

USA cut off trade with Japan

Naval fleet at their navy base

to give them control of the Pacific Ocean, and a base off the coast of the USA in preparation for future attacks

the attack of Pearl Harbour

invading Manchuria (Korea & Japan)

the date that USA declared war

Hong Kong

exhaustion, malnutrition, pneumonia, stolen medicine

$2B top secret project to create an atomic bomb

second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki on August 9th 1945

first atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima on August 6th 1945

August 15th, 1945

May 8th, 1945

sacrifice burned by fire

the systematic extermination of a nationality or group

Hitler used his military force the SS and the Gestapo to kill anyone he viewed as a threat

all Jews are stripped of German citizenship, fired from jobs, banned from German schools, marriages between Jews and Germans forbidden, forced to carry ID, passports stamped with a J, forced to wear the arm band of Star of David, forced to pay special income tax

called this to isolate them from the rest of society

areas that were filthy, poor sanitation, and extreme overcrowding. Became transition areas, used as collection points for deportation to concentration and death camps.

Jews, Communists, Socialists, homosexuals, political opponents, disabled, Roma, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Africans, Soviet POW, Slavic people

railroad lines for efficient transportation

cattle freight train cars

work makes you free

possessions were confiscated, shaved heads, tattooed arms, separation of gender, unsanitary, lice infested, no medical

Wannsee Conference called for the complete annihilation of Jews

Zyklon B

disguised as showers, chambers to gas people and kill within 5 - 20 minutes

nickname for the storerooms with property of prisoners associated with the riches of Canada

as Allied troops came, the Nazis destroyed their crematoriums