Studied by 10 peopleequation for enthalpy change using heat, Q
ΔH = -Q/n
equation for enthalpy change using bond enthalpy, BE
ΔH = Σ(BE of bonds broken) - Σ(BE of bonds formed)
basic order for electron configuration (where 4s and 3d are switched for transition elements)
1s → 2s → 2p → 3s → 3p → 4s → 3d → 4p
electron configuration of ³Li
1s²2s¹
electron configuration of ¹¹Na
1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹ or [Ne]3s¹
electron configuration of ¹⁹K
1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹ or [Ar]4s¹
equation for ionization energy
X(g) + IE → X⁺(g) + e⁻
equation for electron affinity
X(g) + e⁻ → X⁻(g) + EA
hydroxide
OH⁻
nitrate
NO₃⁻
hydrogencarbonate
HCO₃⁻
carbonate
CO₃²⁻
ammonium
NH₄⁺
sulfate
SO₄²⁻
phosphate
PO₄³⁻
ionization energy
the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion
effective nuclear charge
the positive charge (net pull) experienced by an electron in an atom
electronegativity
how strongly an atom attracts electrons in a chemical bond
enthalpy
a measure of the total thermal energy (heat) of a system
bond enthalpy
the amount of energy required to break a chemical bond
Note
Flashcard