Nat 5 Physics | Space and Cosmology

A spherical natural body orbiting a star, big enough to clear it’s orbital path.

A natural body orbiting a star, but not having cleared it’s orbital path.

Any natural satellite orbiting a planet.

The star in our solar system.

A rocky object, smaller than a dwarf planet.

This consists of the Sun, the planets and their moons, asteroid and comets.

A large ball of gas where nuclear reactions produce heat and light.

A planet orbiting any star other than the Sun.

Millions of stars held together by gravity.

All the stars, dust, gas, all matter, all space and time. (Everything)

A satellite is an object that orbits another object. Usually an object orbiting a planet.

• Provides long distance telephone calls

• Television

• Data Transfer

• Used for Navigation

• Vehicle tracking

• Speed data for sporting events

• Can predict the weather and give storm warnings.

• Monitors the growth of crops over a large area.

• Telescopes in space to explore the sola system and deep space.

• Unbreathable oxygen beyond the earths atmosphere

• Low Temperatures

• Risks of explosion during launch

• Radiation exposure increased during space flight

• Re-entering the earths atmosphere from space causes dangerous heating of the spacecraft.

• Travelling large distances

• Manoeuvring a space craft in a zero-friction enviroment.

A light year is the distance travelled by light in a vacuum in one year. (3.0×10{8}ms{-1}.)

• The universe was balled up in a hot dense state nearly 14 Billion years ago expansion started.

• As it expanded it also cooled, and this theory is named the “the big bang”.

• After around 370,000 years the expanding universe had cooled sufficiently for atoms of hydrogen and helium to form. These atoms gathered together under the influence of gravity to form stars and groups of stars called galaxies.

• The universe is continuing to expand making the distances between galaxies larger over time.

The size of the observable universe is 93 billion light years. There are the parts of the universe which are beyond what it is possible to observe.

The Milky Way is our solar system and was formed 4.6 billion years ago. It contains 100 to 400 billion stars.

Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible, Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma Rays.

These are large satellite dish telescopes frequently used in groups called arrays in order to form images of radio sources in galaxies.

These are usually used to look at the cosmic microwave background radiation which is radiation left from the formation of the universe.

These telescopes are frequently used to observe the sun. These telescopes can also be used to see through the dust cloud around the center of our galaxy. They are either places in orbit around earth or around the sun.

These are used to observe planets, stars, galaxies and other astronomical objects. They can be on Earth or in orbit. They best known example is the Hubble Telescope.

There have been very few ultraviolet telescopes as they must be above Earth’s atmosphere. These have been used to observe comets.

These telescopes are placed in orbit and are used to look for high energy x-rays and gamma rays coming from distant quasars )very active distant galaxies).

Matching each of the lines in each of the elements to the lines in the spectrum. Every line in the element must match the Line spectrum from the star, or the star does not compose of this element.