verism
a form of ultra-physical realism which avoids or rejects idealizing tendencies in preference for the individual
Aeneas
foundation legend; mythical hero of Troy and Rome, son of the goddess Aphrodite and Anchises
antefix
the blocks that cover the tiles showing on the edge of a temple roof
acroteria
sculptures on the roof of a temple
Vulca of Veii
Etruscan artist hired by Tarquinius Superbus to make the cult statue for the Temple of Jupiter
Portonaccio Temple
deedicated to Menvra, Veii, 510-500 BCE
753 BCE
traditional founding date of Rome
509 BCE
end of monarchy in Rome, beginning of Republic
Aplu / Apollo
statue of Apollo of Veii, deemed a masterpiece because of its skull, also wearing a proto toga indicating Romans pulling from Greek art
Menvra / Minerva
Roman goddess of wisdom
Latium
the region in which Rome is located, south of Etruria (Latin as a language distinct from Etruscan)
lapis niger
(575-550) sanctuary in the heart of the area that will become the Forum; many Roman theories about its meaning
ashlar (masonry)
squared out block of stone
Grotta Oscura
a quarry who’s stone was used in Lapis Niger
“Romanization”
the spread of Latin language and culture by continuity of local practice
Curia
meeting place for the Senate in the Roman Forum
Regia
thought by Romans to have been the house of the kings, then donated to the Pontifex Maximus
Pontifex Maximus
The High Priest in the roman college of priests
opus incertum and opus reticulatum
incertum= concrete poured over small, uneven stones; reticulum= concrete poured over bricks with short side facing out
spoliation
taking something from one structure to be used in a new structure
manubiae
spoils of war
Fig. 1-29 Velthur Velcha, Ravnthu Aprthnai, and musicians, detail of the interior of the main chamber of the Tomb of the Shields, Tarquinia, ca. 350–325 BCE
Fig. 1-31 Sarcophagus of Lars Pulena, from Tarquinia, ca. 200 BCE. Tufa, Tarquinia
Fig. 1-32 Sarcophagus lid with portraits of Ramtha Visnai and Arnth Tetnies, Vulci, ca. 350–300 BCE. Nenfro
Plan of Portonaccio temple, Veii, c. 510-500 BCE
Fig `1-21 Apulu (Apollo of Veii), from the roof of the Portonaccio temple, Veii, ca. 510–500 bce. Painted terracotta
Fig. 2-4 Plan of the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, Rome, dedicated 509 bce.
Fig. 2-5A Section of the Servian Walls on the Viale Aventino, Rome, ca. 386–378 BCE, with an arch for catapults, 87 BCE (during time of the Social Wars)
Fig. 3-2 Plan of Ostia, founded ca. 340–300 BCE.
Schematic map of the Republican forum. Know: Curia, Regia
Fig. 2-9 Plan of four Republican temples, Largo Argentina, Rome, early third to mid-first century BCE and later. Make sure you know: B, D
Fig. 4-2 Restored view and plan of a typical Roman house in the 3rd century BCE. Be able to identify: fauces, atrium; tablinum; hortus
Fig. 2-10B Temple B (looking west), Largo Argentina, Rome, ca. 100 BCE
Fig. 2-11 Temple of Vesta or Hercules Victor (looking southwest), Rome, mid-second century bce and later