runestone academy ap csp unit 4

-named group of programming instructions that may have parameters/return values

-referred to by different names (method or function) depending on the programming language.

block that repeatedly processes one or more instructions until some condition is met

-Block that repeats its code until the boolean condition evaluates to true.

-If the condition evaluates to true initially, the code is not executed at all

-There can be an infinite loop if the ending condition never evaluates to true.

-programming language invented in the 1960s by Seymour Papert

-used to draw simple and complex geometric shapes.

thinking process of repeatedly processing a limited number of steps

thinking process of moving one small step at a time when developing a program

-iterative process

-consists of understanding the user; challenging assumptions; & redefining problems to identify strategies/solutions that might not be instantly apparent

-empathize, define, ideate, prototype, test

investigating & understanding users to identify the program requirements through surveys, user testing, or interviews

analyzing the problem & determining the program specifications

brainstorming possible solutions through paper prototypes or making a list of ideas

Creatively build simple solutions

Evaluate the solutions

explanation that can be tested by experimentation written in if/then format

-Mimics real-world events with the purpose of drawing inferences

-Involves removing specific details/simplifying functionality.

-Facilitates the formulation & refinement of hypotheses related to the objects/phenomena under consideration.

-Computer simulations usually make some simplifying assumptions about the real-world object being modeled.

-lack of pattern/regularity

-sequence of events has no order

process that is completely predictable

-Algorithm that generates a series of numbers that appear to be random but are determined by it -Simulation (abstraction) of real randomness

tells the PRNG where to begin in the sequence

requires seed, mod, & formula

-PRNG that uses a linear function -Does not require much memory

-event that cannot be predicted with certainty -i.e. flipping a fair coin, rolling a die, picking a card from a well shuffled deck.

block that gets pseudo-random numbers

block that only generates values between 0 & 0.99

abstraction that provides a simplified representation of some object/phenomenon

flipped coin that would come up heads 50% of the time over a large number of coin flips

-system of arithmetic for whole numbers in which the numbers “wrap around” upon reaching a certain value (the modulus) -i.e. a 12-hour clock "wraps around" to 1 after 12

returns the remainder when a number is divided by another

-executes a program as a fundamental part of its function

-i.e. picture editing software, self-driving car

-information formatted in a certain way -i.e. text on paper, bytes stored electronically

-input

-processing

-storage

-output

assures that personal/corporate confidential information is collected, used, protected & destroyed legally & fairly

controls access to personal information, protecting against its unauthorized use & acquisition

-archives data

-2 types of storage (hard data & remote data)

-RAM

-Hard Drive

-flash drives

-solid state

cloud computing

-information about an individual that identifies, links, relates, is unique to, or describes them.

-i.e. social security number, age, race, phone number(s)

-Small files or bits of data that are stored on your computer.

-Placed when you access a site