hydrogen bomb
used in nuclear fusion to release a lot of energy
compound
2 or more elements bonded together
molecule
2 or more atoms bonded together
ionic bond
between metal and nonmetal
covalent bond
sharing of valence electrons
metallic bond
valence are shared by all atoms; two metals bonding
radioactive decay
breakup or change in the nucleus emitting radiation
gamma decay
releases energy without changing number of protons and neutrons
beta decay
electrons emitted
octet rule
eight electrons in outermost electron shell (valence electrons)
isotopes
atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons
heterogeneous mixture
doesn’t completely mix together
homogeneous
same physical properties throughout
solute
being dissolved
solvent
(water) dissolved into
solution
homogeneous mixture
bohr model
shows electrons surrounding the nucleus in circles
electron-cloud model
electron as dots surrounding the nucleus
wave-mechanical model
shows electron wave around nucleus
electron
negative charge
proton
positive charge
neutron
atoms with no charge
chemistry
study of interactions of matter
group
column; arranged by same number of valence electrons
period
a row on periodic table
heisenburg uncertainty principle
it's impossible to know both the position and velocity of an electron at the same time
valence electrons
located on outermost electron shell
atomic symbol
represents elements
cation
positive charge ion
anion
negative charge ion
semimetals
solids with characteristics between nonmetals and metals
alkali metals
group 1; very soft, shiny metals
halogens
group 17; “salt formers”
inner transition metals
between groups 3 and 4 (under table); radioactive
metals
hard, dense, shiny solids
noble gases
group 18; found in their pure states in nature
nonmetals
poor conductors of electricity; gasses and liquids
transition metals
groups 3-12; strength and durability
matter
consists of tiny particles (atoms)
element
composed of a single type of atom
john dalton
discovery of elements, atomic theory
nuclear fusion
combining two nucleus to form heavier nucleus
nuclear fission
atom splits into smaller atoms; “division”
chain reaction
“domino effect” of nuclear fission